{"id":17134,"date":"2019-05-21T12:45:52","date_gmt":"2019-05-21T16:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caloriecontrol.org\/%ef%bb%bfdietary-sources-of-fructose-and-its-association-with-fatty-liver-in-mexican-young-adults\/"},"modified":"2019-05-21T13:39:30","modified_gmt":"2019-05-21T17:39:30","slug":"%ef%bb%bfdietary-sources-of-fructose-and-its-association-with-fatty-liver-in-mexican-young-adults","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/caloriecontrol.org\/%ef%bb%bfdietary-sources-of-fructose-and-its-association-with-fatty-liver-in-mexican-young-adults\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffDietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Nutrients<\/em> 2019, 11, 522; doi:10.3390\/nu11030522 &mdash; <\/p>\n<p>Cantoral A, Contreras-Manzano A, Luna-Villa L,<br \/>\net al.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30823422\">Download Research Study PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To<br \/>\n     assess the consumption of dietary fructose according to: 1) classification<br \/>\n     of hepatic steatosis by two indexes and 2) diagnosis of NAFLD by MRI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Previous studies have shown that consumption of<br \/>\n     fructose through soft drinks and other beverages is higher in NAFLD<br \/>\n     patients than in controls. <\/li>\n<li>Mexico has one of the highest per capita intake<br \/>\n     of soft drinks worldwide and their consumption is particularly high in the<br \/>\n     19 to 29 year-old age group.<\/li>\n<li>The present study sought to compare the intakes<br \/>\n     of different dietary sources of fructose in relation to two liver indexes<br \/>\n     that predict hepatic steatosis and the identification of NAFLD by MRI in<br \/>\n     young adults in Mexico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a<br \/>\n     sample of 100 healthy young adults living in Mexico City between October<br \/>\n     of 2016 and May of 2017. Participants were selected from the Early Life<br \/>\n     Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort study.<\/li>\n<li>For the present study, participants were<br \/>\n     evaluated during a weekend day at the research center after 10 hours of<br \/>\n     fasting. A blood sample and anthropometric measures were obtained. In<br \/>\n     order to estimate the hepatic triglyceride content, proton magnetic<br \/>\n     resonance spectroscopy (PMRS) was performed. Also, a trained nutritionist<br \/>\n     administered a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire<br \/>\n     (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire.<\/li>\n<li>Measurement of liver fat content and diagnosis<br \/>\n     of NAFLD was made by MRI, and a fasting blood sample was obtained to<br \/>\n     quantify glucose, triglycerides and hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) using<br \/>\n     a bench clinical chemistry analyzer.&nbsp;<br \/>\n     The Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) was estimated using the ALT\/AST<br \/>\n     ratio, BMI, sex, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) blood levels (&gt;110<br \/>\n     mg\/dL).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The study sample had a mean age of 21 years,<br \/>\n     54% were male, 52% were classified as low SES and 56% of participants were<br \/>\n     not physically active.<\/li>\n<li>According to the MRI, 18% of the participants<br \/>\n     had the diagnosis of NAFLD (&gt;5% of triglyceride content in the hepatocytes),<br \/>\n     and according to HSI and FLI, 44% and 46% of the participants presented hepatic<br \/>\n     steatosis, respectively.<\/li>\n<li>The comparison between the true positive<br \/>\n     participants and the healthy participants showed that the true positive<br \/>\n     participants had an elevated risk in almost all the parameters in a higher<br \/>\n     level.&nbsp; When comparing those<br \/>\n     classified as false positive versus those in the healthy category, BMI was<br \/>\n     2.3 to 3 times higher in the false positive group according to the HSI and<br \/>\n     FLI, respectively.<\/li>\n<li>For the false positive participants in the FLI<br \/>\n     the risk is significantly higher in the variable ALT (RRR = 1.10, 95%CI<br \/>\n     1.02&ndash;1.20) compared to healthy participants.<\/li>\n<li>For the total sample, dietary information<br \/>\n     showed that the median energy intake was 2689 Kcal with approximately 56%<br \/>\n     of the calories from carbohydrates, 33% from lipids, and 13% from proteins.<br \/>\n     The median intake of SSB was 720 mL, with the main contributor to SSB<br \/>\n     being soda (specifically cola-type) which contributed 45% of the total<br \/>\n     SSB, followed by sugar-sweetened commercial fruit beverages and home-made<br \/>\n     fruit beverages with 22%.<\/li>\n<li>Those with negative FLI (score &lt; 30)<br \/>\n     consumed statistically less energy (kcal) and total grams of carbohydrates<br \/>\n     per day, but also reported consuming more calories from proteins and<br \/>\n     lipids as a percentage of the total calories, compared to those classified<br \/>\n     as positive FLI (score &ge; 30) and also compared to those classified as<br \/>\n     false positives.<\/li>\n<li>The dietary intake of almost all dietary<br \/>\n     sources of fructose were higher in those classified with steatosis by both<br \/>\n     indexes.&nbsp; <\/li>\n<li>When the consumption of the different beverages<br \/>\n     included in the SSB category was compared, the soda intake was<br \/>\n     statistically higher in FLI false positive than in negative subjects.&nbsp; In the case of those classified as NAFLD,<br \/>\n     the median intake of natural fruit juices was statistically higher<br \/>\n     compared to those classified as non-NAFLD (146 versus 0 mL\/day).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and juices were<br \/>\n     consumed significantly more by those with steatosis by FLI and NAFLD<br \/>\n     suggesting that SSB intake is linked to metabolic alterations that predict<br \/>\n     the risk of having NAFLD at a young age.<\/li>\n<li>This study adds to the existing evidence<br \/>\n     linking SBB intake with NAFLD, a disease that is increasing in<br \/>\n     Mexico.&nbsp; Therefore, more public<br \/>\n     health action is needed to reduce the intake of fructose, as sucrose or<br \/>\n     HFCS, especially from SSB that are highly consumed in Mexico and in other populations.\n     <\/li>\n<li>As obesity is currently one of the biggest<br \/>\n     health problems in Mexico, and it is related to the incidence of NAFLD,<br \/>\n     more studies are needed to measure the prevalence of NAFLD in relation to<br \/>\n     dietary components.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Points to Consider<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The limited sample size and the cross-sectional nature of this<br \/>\nanalysis limits the ability to draw conclusions regarding the effect of increased<br \/>\nfructose consumption, mainly through SSB, on the natural history or progression<br \/>\nof NAFLD in this population.<\/li>\n<li>It is possible that other lifestyle factors, such as overall diet,<br \/>\nobesity and sedentary behavior, may have an equal of higher effect on NAFLD<br \/>\nclassification. Given the design of this study, it is not possible to isolate<br \/>\nthe effect of a single factor. Further, no conclusions about cause and effect<br \/>\ncan be drawn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The post <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/fructosefacts.org\/%EF%BB%BFdietary-sources-of-fructose-and-its-association-with-fatty-liver-in-mexican-young-adults\/\">&#65279;Dietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults<\/a> appeared first on <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/fructosefacts.org\/\">FructoseFacts<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nutrients 2019, 11, 522; doi:10.3390\/nu11030522 &mdash; Cantoral A, Contreras-Manzano A, Luna-Villa L, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To assess the consumption of dietary fructose according to: 1) classification of hepatic steatosis by two indexes and 2) diagnosis of NAFLD by MRI. Background Previous studies have shown that consumption of fructose through soft drinks [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":848,"comment_status":"close","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,6,169],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\ufeffDietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults - Calorie Control Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/caloriecontrol.org\/\ufeffdietary-sources-of-fructose-and-its-association-with-fatty-liver-in-mexican-young-adults\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ufeffDietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults - Calorie Control Council\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nutrients 2019, 11, 522; doi:10.3390\/nu11030522 &mdash; Cantoral A, Contreras-Manzano A, Luna-Villa L, et al. 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